|
Title |
俳句って何？ |
|
Unit/Lesson No. |
Haiku/Lesson 2 |
|
Topic |
Haiku |
|
Function |
Identify things, express opinions |
|
Focus |
Learn about basics of Haiku and a famous Haiku poet Matsuo Bashoo |
I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR TEACHERS
Students will learn what Haiku is and the rules of making Haiku, specifically the number of mora, the Japanese system of sound grouping similar to English syllables. Students will also learn about a famous Haiku poet, Matsuo Bashoo, and his Haiku.
この人を覚えていますか。（ 松尾芭蕉 ）
何をした人ですか。（俳句を作りました。）
俳句はどんな詩ですか。（世界で一番短い詩）
何時代の人ですか。（江戸時代）
江戸時代は、何世紀でしたか。（17,18世紀）
2. 1) 5-7-5 2) a. 3, 3 b. 4, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 3, 3 e. 5, 7, 5, 5, 7, 5
f. A ‘haku’ count consists of a vowel or a consonant + a vowel. Haiku is composed of 5-7-5 haku counts.
3. 春：b, l 夏：c, e, i 秋：a, g, k 冬：d, f, h
4. 1) 蛙 2) 夏 3) b. ポチャン (A little frog jumped into a pond. However, if a student thinks about a big, heavy frog, ボチャン may be an appropriate choice. Likewise, if a student thinks about many frogs jumping into a pond, onomatopoeias with repeated sounds may fit the image better.)
1. Japanese words are divided into "mora". The mora has the following characteristics: the mix of consonant and vowal sounds, the first part of a long (double) consonant, and the nasal "n". In this lesson we will use the term "haku" in place of the linguistic term "mora" to convey similar ideas.
2. There is a literary convention that calls for the use of a "season word" in a haiku. These season words were usually based on the old calendar, where spring is from February to April, summer is from May to July, fall is from August to October, and winter is from November to January. In this lesson, students will choose their own season words. Season words are any words that are usually associated with a season, such as seasonal activities, animals, or flowers.
3. The interpretations of Haiku vary. The common interpretations of the Haiku that appear in this lesson are:
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古池（ふるいけ）や 蛙（かわず）とびこむ 水（みず）の音（おと） 松尾芭蕉 |
common interpretation:
古池にかえるが飛び込み、水の音がした。でもまたすぐ、静かになった。
There is an old, quiet, still pond. A frog suddenly jumped in, brought the pond to life by causing a sudden motion, many ripples, and the sound of a splash.
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行水（ぎょうずい）の 捨（す）てどころなし 虫（むし）の声（こえ） 上島鬼貫 |
common interpretation:
行水に使った水を捨てようとすると虫があちらこちらで鳴いている。水を捨てる場所がない。
行水＝take a bath in a tub 季語＝虫の声（秋）
When I tried to throw away the water that I used to take a bath in the tub, I could hear insects making noise here and there. I feel that I can't throw away the water because I don't want to stop the insect sounds. (season word="Mushi no koe" Fall)
|
街道（かいどう）を キチキチととぶ ばったかな 村上鬼城 |
common interpretation:
静かな人のいない街道を一匹のばったがキチキチと鳴いて飛んでいる。
季語＝ばった（秋）
In a quiet street where there is no one around, a grasshopper flies and makes a noise, saying kichikichi. (season word="batta" Fall)
4. The Japanese people often use onomatopoeias, which are expressions that come from the sounds of actions (擬態語). In general, voiceless sounds like “p”, “t”, “k”, and “s” express some action with something light and/or small. But voiced sounds like “b”, “d”, “g”, and “z” express some action with something heavy and/or big. Also, the repetition of the same sounds like “korokoro,” expresses repetition or continuation of an action, though onomatopoeias without repeating the same sounds like “koron,” still express a single movement.
II. STUDENT ACTIVITY HANDOUTS
俳句は世界で一番短い詩です。 Haiku is the world's shortest form of poetry.
1. 松尾芭蕉は江戸時代に日本中を旅行して、たくさん俳句を作りました。 次の俳句を声を出して読んでみましょう。
Matsuo Bashoo traveled throughout
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ふるいけ かわず みず おと 古池や 蛙とびこむ 水の音 |
<Useful Vocabulary>
| 古池 = old pond | や = the literary word used to draw attention |
| 蛙（かわず）= an old term of frog（かえる） | とびこむ = jump in |
2.
1) 俳句は三つの部分からできています。それぞれ、いくつの拍（はく）からできていますか。拍の基本は、子音（しいん）と母音（ぼいん）です。それぞれの言葉の拍を数えて、（ ）の中に書いて下さい。
Haiku is written in three short parts and each part consists of a certain number of sound counts called “hakus”. The basic "haku" consists of a consonant + a vowel sound. Count the number of "haku" in each line. Write the answer in the parentheses below.
例：Try to count “haku” while clapping your hands with the teacher.
はいく ( )
ふるいけや ( )
かわずとびこむ ( )
みずのおと ( )
2) 次の言葉の拍数を数えてください。
Count the number of "haku" in the following words:
a. A small "っ" is counted as one "haku".
きって ( ) ざっし ( )
b. A long vowel is counted as two "haku".
がくせい ( ) こうこう ( )
c. A sound containing a small "ゃ,” ”ゅ,” or ”ょ", such as "きゃ", "きゅ", and "きょ", is counted as ONE "haku".
いしゃ ( ) りょこう ( )
d. "ん" is counted as one "haku".
しゃしん ( ) きんじょ ( )
e. Now, count the number of "haku" in each part in the following two Haiku.
ぎょうずいの ( ) すてどころなし ( ) むしのこえ ( )
かいどうを ( ) キチキチととぶ ( ) ばったかな ( )
f. Mini-summary: What is the rule of haku count in Haiku?
3. 俳句には、季語のルールもあります。季語は季節を表す言葉で、アクティビティー、動物、花、出来事などがあります。
Beside 5-7-5 pattern, Haiku traditionally includes a 季語（きご), "season-word". The "season words" are words that you usually associate with a particular season, such as seasonal activities, animals, flowers, or events.
次の言葉はどの季節を表していると思いますか。季節ごとに分けて、次の表に書き入れてください。他にも季節を表す言葉を考えて、表の中に書いてください。
Which season do you associate with the following words? Write each word in the appropriate section below. Add any other words you may associate with the seasons in the chart.
| a. りんご | b. 花見 | c. ひまわり |
| d. 雪 | e. プール | f. クリスマス |
| g. とんぼ | h. スキー | i. すいか |
| j. 夏休み | k. 紅葉 | l. 暖かい |
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4.
1) 下の芭蕉の俳句の季語はどれですか。
What do you think is the season word in Basho's Haiku below? Circle the season word.
ふるいけや かわずとびこむ みずのおと
2) この季語はどの季節を表していますか。 正しいと思う季節に○をしてください。
Which season does the seasonal word represent? Circle the correct season.
春 夏 秋 冬
3)
a. 芭蕉の俳句を読んで、どんなイメージがわきますか。絵を描いてください。
What image can you picture in your mind when you read Bashoo's Haiku above? Draw a picture of the scene.
b. 下から適当な水の音を表す言葉を選んで絵の中に書き入れてください。
Add the sound of water in the picture by choosing the appropriate sound from below.
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III. VISUAL AIDS FOR TEACHERS
Transparency 1
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http://www.ese.yamanashi.ac.jp/~itoyo/basho/index.htm
Transparency 2
same as students handout